Sermons

“Leopard Hunting"


“Leopard Hunting”

A sermon delivered by Pastor Noel Anderson

 First Presbyterian Church of Upland     August 14, 2022

Matthew 7: 24-27

24 “Everyone who hears my words and acts on them will be like a wise man who built his house on rock. 25 The rain fell, the floods came, and the winds blew and beat on that house, but it did not fall because it had been founded on rock. 26 And everyone who hears these words of mine and does not act on them will be like a foolish man who built his house on sand. 27 The rain fell, the floods came, and the winds blew and beat against that house, and it fell—and great was its fall!”

Erosion 1

Jesus’ parable about houses on sand is about erosion. What destroys the house on sand is not sand but the forces of decay, chaos, and entropy that rule this world. 

When you were a child, did you love playing with sand at the beach? I did. The wet sand not far from the water was perfect for molding and sculpting into castles or caves. Inevitably, I seemed to build them as the tide was coming and soon the waves destroyed my little castles in a minute or two. 

The other danger was bullies—usually my big brother or his friends—who decided my sand castle looked like a great place sit or jump. Waves and bullies—wrecking my sand castles! 

Today we’re looking at erosion and entropy as means of social change.

TWO LINES FROM FRANZ KAFKA: 

Leopards break into the temple and drink to the dregs what is in the sacrificial pitchers; this is repeated over and over , knock over all the statues and drink all the ceremonial wine;  This happens again and again; finally it can be calculated in advance, and it becomes part of the ceremony.                                                                                                                        

This is a picture of social and cultural change. Now I use the word “culture” all the time but I have never defined it. Culture is the way one generation passes its values to the next. Sometimes the values do not make it into the next generation. That is the erosion of culture. 

The politics of erosion has eclipsed rational discourse as the means of reform in the United States.  What once were dignified debates—carefully articulated arguments meant to inform and persuade—have now given way to shouting contests and closed ears.  What used to be civilized discourse—honest dialogue between Church and Society—has now become a battle of Church vs. Culture, with too many Christians representing society more than church.  

LEOPARDS IN THE TEMPLE

These Christians, often called Progressive, have erosion on their side.  All they have to do is stand, watch, and cheer-on the leopards.  In time, the ground may wear away, and when it does they will celebrate erosion as a victory for their group. When what you want is erosion, you don’t have to lift a finger; all you have to do is watch.  

Presbyterians who used to say "Let go and let God" may today mean "Let go and let Erosion.”  Without real discussion and dialogue, they may be beyond persuading as well.  Nothing can be justified to those who will not think or talk reasonably.  

Sometimes I suspect that dusk has descended on the age of reason altogether.  Making sense doesn't seem to make sense anymore. No matter how loudly or reasonably we cry out against the sacrilege of leopards, there seem to be plenty who have abandoned the temple as a holy place.  They’ve left it to the leopards. Or worse, the desecration of leopards has become their new ritual. 

Our Task at First Pres

Now there are plenty of churches will tell you what to think, telling you that Christians can only hold one given opinion about an issue. “All Christians think this—“ and so on. We try not to do that. Not because the faith is aloof from all politics, but because we know there is never just one way to think about things unless you reduce them and dumb them down to easy manageability. 

We try to keep a 10,000 foot view of things. We are not likely to tell you what to think. Indoctrination—to be indoctrinated—is to be told what to think and what attitudes to have. Authentic education, on the other hand, teaches one how to think. If you want to be told what to think—well, there’s no shortage of churches out there to do that. If you want to be indoctrinated, try the Catholic, Orthodox, or Fundamentalist churches. Or go to college—especially Ivy Leagues.

Our interest is not indoctrination, but helping everyone learn to read,  interpret, and apply Scripture to your life. And also how to critique modern society based upon your commitment to Christ. Our Fall Series is just that—we’re calling it “be the church: equipping the saints” from kickoff Sunday to Thanksgiving. And in 2023, we’re going through the Bible again as a congregation.

Our desire is that your opinions about politics bear a witness to Christ based upon your knowledge and understanding of God’s will as revealed in Scripture. 

Moral Desensitization

You know what desensitization is—that process whereby a therapist exposes a person to their phobia bit by it until they aren’t afraid of it anymore—that’s desensitization. But do you know what moral desensitization is?  Moral desensitization is the process by which your moral stature is worn down—eroded. The repeated exposure to something immoral slowly, gradually, wears down your moral resistance.  What would have caused outrage just a few years ago now only elicits a shrug of the shoulders.  Oh well—what’r’ya gonna do? 

As moral erosion occurs, our outrage grows weaker and weaker. Before long, we shrug it off and in time, we come to accept it. After that, it becomes part of the ritual and we celebrate it—even defend it and advocate for it. 

It is as though our conscience is expendable, disposable. The moral outrage of a few years ago is now a grand “Oh well…” and we have thrown our conscience under the bus. 

We may even do this unconsciously. We don’t mean to abandon conscience, but the process of moral erosion and moral desensitization, we just find ourselves moving with the herd unthinkingly and with little to no self-examination on the way. 

Shouldn’t people of faith value conscience above all else? Shouldn’t we be training ourselves not in moral desensitization but increasing moral sensitivity and awareness? Yes, I think so, and we should be leading the culture in what is right and wrong rather than following.  We obey God, not men. We follow Christ, not culture. 


Trading Moral Codes

Taking a look around us, we see so much evidence of erosion it is easy to feel that humankind has no moral compass at all, but that’s not quite right. Cultures like ours tend to abandon many morals, but they add morals at the same time. 

We can see this clearly if we think about language and taboo words. Back in Chaucer’s day—the late 1300s—the only taboo words were blasphemies. In Elizabethan England, all words having to do with sex, death, or bodily functions were replaced by an enormous wealth of euphemisms—and remain with us today. We don’t “die”; we “pass on,” “graduate,” or “join the immortal choir invisible.” Women excuse themselves to “powder their noses,” and men, in what should be a quickly disappearing phrase, “visit the little boys room.” 

Taboo words change with time.  Remember, when Clark Gable, in “Gone with the Wind,” said those famous words, “Frankly my dear, I don’t give a damn,” there were newspaper reports of women fainting in the aisles, such was the shock. Today I, a Presbyterian Pastor, can use the word damn in a sermon without raising an eyebrow. I can also use the word Hell, but only if I’m referring to the place. These words are tame now. They are no longer taboo—or as taboo—as they once were. Words that were once taboo fall off the back of the barge and are no longer considered taboo. Likewise, new words get loaded on to the front becoming our new taboos.  

A brief survey of cable tv will demonstrate many words that were taboo a decade or so ago that now fail to raise blood pressure a single point. And words that were fine to use in the past are now no longer acceptable—they’ve become taboo. Consider all the words referring to national heritage—Italians, Polish, Irish—remember jokes about these? All now verboten

And the barge is picking up speed. The present whirlwind around pronouns and special identities causes the cancellation of people who crossed today’s boundaries twenty years ago.  There are new taboos. Some drop off; others are added, and what is true for language is true for our morals as well. 

It used to be wrong to be homosexual and fine to chain-smoke cigarettes in a restaurant. The morals change in time, as does the moral compass, so the real question is: are we trading well? 


Two Realms

Two realms: Augustine wrote about them as Rome was dissolving and eroding. He called them the City of God and the City of Man—rival cities shaped by opposing loves and working toward different ends.  We would call them the Church—the followers of Christ—and the world, which follows its own nose. There are conversations that we have within our family—the Body of Christ—that we wouldn’t have out in the world. Every team has its own bench—its own huddle and dugout—where their internal conversation shapes them for their game out on the field. So we in the Church have conversations among ourselves that we would not have in evangelizing the world. They are not part of our conversation because they cannot be—they do not share the same assumptions and apparently do not know or serve the same Lord. 

The Church strategizes to reach the outsider. We serve this world as we serve Christ. We love the world because we love Christ first and he loves them. 

Being nice in order to reach others

Some will say, “They see us as judgmental and condemning. If we don’t love them first, then we’ll never have their ear to share the gospel!” They are correct. We can become so righteous—so committed to our moral code—that we become incapable of meeting those outside of our code. That is a problem; it turns the church into a monastery or convent up and against the sinful world. We are in this world for the world’s salvation, and it does God no glory for us to retreat from the world in order to feel pure about ourselves. 

We are here to reach out in service in order that Christ be known and glorified. 

Yes, we should give of ourselves sacrificially to the unrighteous and the undeserving, bending over backwards in order that we may make Christ known to them. But there is a line when we will not longer cast pearls before swine.

There is a line—we can meet others on their own terms only for so long. If they demand that we deal with them on their own terms or not at all, then we flex as we can, but be clear—for a blind man to say, “I am not blind, you are!” is as far as we can go. The blind man who denies his blindness is a fool. The sinner who denies his sin is a fool. When someone outside the faith demands that you and I call his blindness sightedness and his sin virtue, we can no longer dialogue. Our Christian conscience and integrity cannot be compromised at the whim of others. 

Bringing it down to earth, if your friend says, “If you, Christian,  want to talk to me, you have to accept my promiscuous lifestyle without question. If you don’t approve of it lock, stock, and barrel, then you are just as hateful as the rest of Christianity.” Sometimes we just have to walk away. We can bend over backwards to reach others—and should—but we can only bend so far before our own integrity cracks up into moral compromise. 

When the blind man says, “But I don’t need to be healed—I don’t want to be healed and you mustn’t say that healing is even possible,” then we are at an impasse. If our whole endeavor is to see the broken made whole, the blind to see, the deaf to hear, and the sinners to be redeemed by Christ’s forgiveness, we can only do so much; for if a person has come to hate wholeness, truth, and the clear light of day, there is no grounds for dialogue. What do we do in such a case? We shake off the dust of our feet. We pray that God would break into that person’s life more directly. Bring that person some trouble which might awaken them. Ask the Holy Spirit to rekindle the love of light, truth, beauty, and wholeness—all of which will eventually testify to Christ. 

You can offer Heaven to someone who loves the fires of Hell for only so long. And yes, we should try, but we won’t be talked into calling the Lake of Fire Heaven II

How’s Your Outrage?

So what has happened to your outrage? 

Ten years ago, what bothered you and does it both you today?

Hollywood churns out the trash at an alarming rate—stories and messages (whether you recognize them as messages or not)—poured into your home and family rooms. 

Is it making us better? Is what you’re reading and listening to sharpening your moral sensitivity, encouraging you to love Christ, respecting and building up your conscience? 

No. Like a bully at the beach they come, mangling your sand castle—because they hate your Christian conscience, they despise your attempts to follow and serve Jesus. It is as though they want nothing more than for you to drop your moral indignation, abandon all you know and have learned about right and wrong, stop following Jesus, and follow them instead—to which I would ask: “What kind of people are these?” 

Who would consciously distort and intentionally pervert the moral compass of the nation (or world)? What is to be gained by the moral trades they would have us make?  How far and how much longer will we bend over backwards for them pretending that our kindness is winning their ears? 

How is your soul and conscience doing? Do you feel yourself caught in the landslide of moral erosion? Is your resistance wearing thin or has it worn out entirely? Are you just tired of fighting the inevitable flow of history, so you’ve turned yourself downhill to go along for the easy ride? 

We need to ask these questions—our spirituality depends upon it. Our witness to Christ depends upon it. Our soul’s health hangs from such questions. 

Good news; The Holy Spirit can and will restore what culture has mangled or broken down. The importance of repentance is that every time we ask God for forgiveness, we abandon the evils of this world. When we turn to God and stand in His light, we are re-oriented to Him. Whatever we confess we are forgiven—our brokenness, our weakness, our crooked heartedness—He does not reject us even if we are most deserving of rejection. 

He takes us and reshapes us. He breathes new life and spirit into us. He restores the sand castle of our conscience—replacing the sand with solid rock that becomes impervious to the waves or the bullies. 

Brothers and sisters, I tell you in Jesus’ name: Reject the codes of this world; turn away from them this instant. Put your trust in Christ alone, call out to Him, asking that He would give you His Holy Spirit to be your new conscience. And stay critical of your host culture—America’s health and future utterly depend upon Christians standing by their Christian morals.  Being salt and light means that we do not represent ourselves, but the one who sends us. 

Yes, we face uphill against the landslide. Yes, it’s difficult—so what? Christ is with us, among us, and gives us every gift we need to endure, flourish, and win.





Questions: 


  1. How does erosion work within a civilization? 
  2. What is “moral desensitization”? 
  3. Can you name some examples of changing morality? 
  4. Discuss the statement: “We don’t lose moral codes; we just trade one moral code for others.” 
  5. Can you name some of the positive trades? Some negative trades?
  6. What makes today’s moral landscape different from other periods of moral change in western society? 
  7. What is the role of Christians in relation to a culture that seems to happily abandon Christian morality? 
  8. What might we call the New Moral Order that replaces the Christian code?

 

“The End of Hell"


X-Files: Christ & the Supernatural

“The End of Hell”

Sermon by Noel K. Anderson   First Presbyterian Church of Upland   August 7, 2022


So, following last week’s discussion of Near Death Experiences and what Christians might expect after biological death, it is only right that we turn our attention to the subject of Hell. As with most mysteries of Scripture, there is spectrum of views and interpretations going back to first century. There is even more complication created by elaborations—common knowledge and mythology—which must be sifted out from the revelation of Scripture. So we’re going to look at Hell from the popular notions, the biblical witness, leading us to the hope and triumph over death and Hell proclaimed by the gospel of Jesus Christ. 

Revelation 20: 11-15

11   Then I saw a great white throne and the one who sat on it; the earth and the heaven fled from his presence, and no place was found for them. 12 And I saw the dead, great and small, standing before the throne, and books were opened. Also another book was opened, the book of life. And the dead were judged according to their works, as recorded in the books. 13 And the sea gave up the dead that were in it, Death and Hades gave up the dead that were in them, and all were judged according to what they had done. 14 Then Death and Hades were thrown into the lake of fire. This is the second death, the lake of fire; 15 and anyone whose name was not found written in the book of life was thrown into the lake of fire.

1. Popular Hell

As with anything mysterious, the world has elaborated on the idea of Hell with great flourish and imagination. It has been a source of fascination for centuries, fueling the arts and enticing every culture in the world. 

From as far back as 2100 BC, we have Egyptian coffins inscribed with stories and pictures of the Egyptian afterlife. They speak of rivers of fire, lakes of fire, and fiery demons presiding over places of torment for the wicked in the afterlife. 

In the Oriental world, Hell is called Naraka, a place of  torment for the wicked in the afterlife, common to Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism, and more. Muslims in Indonesia and Malaysia use the word Naraka today to speak of Hell.

In the Christian West, everyone is familiar with Hell. It is part of our common knowledge and vocabulary. It is part of American entertainment. We refer to it in everything from cartoons (as we saw) to popular horror movies. 

Our English word “Hell” comes from a common, Germanic word meaning underworld, cover, or conceal. In short, the underworld or place where souls go at death. But our ideas about Hell are more than the underworld—we think of the lake of Fire—a place of eternal torment for all who refuse God’s grace, right? All our ideas about Hell must stand beneath Scripture. What Scripture says and reveals always determines our best understanding. 

But even here’s a problem because, through the centuries, we Christians—like everybody else—have built up and elaborated ideas about Hell that are not scriptural. We need to reform our view of Hell to align and adhere to what Scripture says, and scrape off the barnacles that have accrued over the years.

What barnacles? There are many. For instance, have you heard anyone say that Jesus talked about Hell more than Heaven? We can honestly quote Rick Warren, John  MacArthur, Jerry Falwell, John Piper, Mark Driscoll, Robert Jeffries—and these are just the guys in our lifetime—all claim it. But they are wrong—completely wrong. In the gospels, there are roughly 1,944 passages that include Jesus’ own words. Only 60 of the verses—about 3%—could count. But there are 192 verses—about 10%—referring to Heaven, everlasting life, and his future kingdom. These teachers are wrong more than three times over, which is why I’m talking about them here in part about popular Hell rather than biblical Hell, which we come to next.


2. BIBLICAL HELL

When we talk about biblical “Hell” we look to our source for authoritative information. Here is our meat course. When we talk about Hell, we are looking for something that matches our idea of the place of eternal torment for sin and separation from God—like that lake of fire full of angry bulldogs.  There is a word for belief in eternal torment: infernalism. Infernalism holds to the idea that because God is infinitely good and holy, our offenses and sin constitute eternal offenses that can only be justified by eternal punishment.  

I refer you to our text from Revelation, verse 15: 

and anyone whose name was not found written in the book of life was thrown into the lake of fire.

That Lake of Fire appears five times in Revelation. That is what most of us think of when we think of Hell. But, it is not Hell—it is the Lake of Fire. But wait—isn’t that what we think of when we think of Hell?—an infernalist, everlasting torment in the Lake of Fire? Perhaps. But it is never called Hell. Hell is something else.

The basically uses three words that we associate with Hell: Sheol, Hades, and Gehenna—let’s briefly consider all three. 

First of all, there is no Hell in the Old Testament. We do read about Sheol and the Pit,  which kind of sound like Hell, and some English translators have interpreted as Hell.  Psalm 130: 

1  I will extol you, O Lord, for you have drawn me up,   and did not let my foes rejoice over me.  2   O Lord my God, I cried to you for help, and you have healed me. 3  O Lord, you brought up my soul from Sheol,  restored me to life from among those gone down to the Pit.

Sheol can mean the depths of the sea or deep beneath the surface of the Earth. Both Sheol and the Pit refer the underworld. Remember, the ancients had a flat Earth cosmos—Heaven and life were “up,” death and the underworld were “down.” The main meaning of both Sheol and the Pit is death and the grave, not a place of eternal torment—the Hell  we commonly think of. Sheol refers to Hades, not Hell. Which brings us to Hades.

Do we think of Hades as the same thing as Hell? Hades is Hell, right? Hell is Hades? Are they interchangeable?  Not so much, according to Scripture. Hades, literally, is the mythological god of the dead and king of the underworld. His three-headed dog Cerberus guards the gates of Hades. Question: Why does Hades need guarding? Are there a lot of souls trying to get in? It’s strange, but then again, plenty of junkyards need watchdogs to keep people out. 

But here’s the thing: Hades is the Greek word used to translate Sheol from Hebrew. Hades is Greek for Sheol. In the Septuagint, the Greek translation of the Old Testament [c. 200 BC], the word Sheol is always translated Hades. Its main meaning is death and the grave, so like Sheol, Hades does not mean Hell.  There is one instance when it sounds a bit like Hell. In the parable of Lazarus and the Rich Man from Luke 16:23:

In Hades, where he was being tormented, he looked up and saw Abraham far away with Lazarus by his side.

In 2nd Temple Judaism, the underworld, Sheol or Hades, was understood to be divided. When people die and their bodies are buried underground, their souls reside somewhere in the valleys of the underworld. But nice people, Righteous people like Grandma and Grandpa don’t await=the general resurrection in the same place as wicked, rotten people. One of the nice valleys was reputedly called “The bosom of Abraham.”  Lazarus was there. The Rich Man was across a chasm and in torment. This was an other part of Hades—the bad side of Hades. This assumption is part of the backdrop before which Jesus illustrates his parable about God’s justice. Jesus is not giving us a description of the afterlife. And this verse is unlike any other reference to Hades. So we conclude: Hades is not Hell; it is—like Sheol—just the underworld, the grave, the place of the dead, not the eternally tormented. So what about Gehenna?

Gehenna is the word Jesus uses for Hell.  Whenever the word Gehenna appears in the text, the English is translated to the word Hell. Finally, we’re getting somewhere.

An example can be found in Mark 9: 43

 43 If your hand causes you to stumble, cut it off; it is better for you to enter life maimed than to have two hands and to go to Gehenna, to the unquenchable fire.

So here, now, we seem to have located Hell in the Bible. It wasn’t Sheol, the Pit, or Hades, but Gehenna seems to fit our idea of Hell much better. 

Except that Gehenna was a place—a literal place—well known to Israel. Gehenna means “The Valley of Hinnom.”  This valley of Hinnom had a long reputation as an awful place—a deeply sinful and cursed history. We read in 2 Kings 23:10:

And he defiled Topheth, which is in the Valley of the Son of Hinnom, that no one might burn his son or his daughter as an offering to Molech.

The story is that some very wicked Jewish idol worshipers had gone so far as to  sacrifice children to the Moloch, and did so in Gehenna—the valley of Hinnom. Ever since, Gehenna—the valley just south of the city walls of Jerusalem—served as the city dump. Everyone’s trash was dumped there and continuously burned. Gehenna, the city dump, is the destination for all things worthless and abominable. It is where our sin and love of sin belong. 

I have been to Gehenna a couple of times. Today, it is a beautiful park. That is, the literal Gehenna. So what are we to think: has Hell been made over? Has it been defeated or is there still an eternal torment awaiting those who refuse God’s grace? How can we have hope looking through the gates of Hades and the sign above it which reads, according to Dante’s Inferno, “Abandon Hope, All Ye Who Enter Here”?


HOPE OVER HELL

How do we live with hope when the reality of Hell hangs over our heads? 

First of all, let’s be honest: talking about Hell can be very manipulative. One of the ugliest aspects of our evangelicalism is that we’ve built Hell up in order to frighten people into submission and compliance. This has happened since the early church. WE hold the keys to Heaven and Hell. If you don’t do precisely as we say, well, who can be so sure about your salvation?  

I’ve heard evangelists go on and on about Hell, chiefly as a way of securing an impulsive conversion out of gullible listeners. Many of these proclaim a Hell not found anywhere in Scripture, but in Milton, Dante, and scripture-like books that were never accepted by either Jews or Christians. Yet, there is hope.

Have you heard of The Harrowing of Hell? This refers to the idea that Jesus, upon dying on the cross, descended into Hell to clean the place up. From 1 Peter 3: 18-19: 

18 For Christ also suffered for sins once for all, the righteous for the unrighteous, in order to bring you to God. He was put to death in the flesh, but made alive in the spirit, 19 in which also he went and made a proclamation to the spirits in prison.

In the Apostles’ Creed, when we say “He descended into Hell,” do we mean he went  there to fix things or he went there because he had all our sins on his shoulders and they took him there? Everyone differs on that—Calvin said the descent was an expression of the depth of his suffering—the great cost of human sin. Martin Luther said that Jesus stormed the gates of Hell, turned on the lights, put out the fire, and wrapped up all the devils in chains such that Hell was transformed and will no longer be a problem. 

But the Apostles’ Creed doesn’t say “Hell” in its original language. It doesn’t say Gehenna, Hades, or Sheol—it says he descended down below, interpretations open. 

Another view is Annihilationism. Annihilationism means 2nd death. In other words, no eternal torment, but just oblivion and non-being for the unsaved. Our text from verse 14: 

Then Death and Hades were thrown into the lake of fire. This is the second death, the lake of fire;

Isn’t this wonderful? Death and Hades destroyed forever. The Lake of Fire puts death to death, and puts eternal torment to an end.

Finally, I should mention Universalism, which holds that Jesus died for all flesh, and in the end of things everyone will be saved. There is no Hell, but when we die we all go to Heaven and are received by a loving God who does not punish sin or seek vengeance. Universalism is growing in popularity, and why wouldn’t it? No piper to pay, no consequence for sin, no worries about offending God’s glory. Everything turns out nicely for everyone, no exceptions. 

Universalism is nice, but to hold it you have to ignore a lot of Scripture, which we are not willing to do.  

Aside from the underworld of Sheol and Hades, Gehenna remains and it is impossible for us to imagine divine justice without some manner of passing through fire. Do we not desire that we should be refined by the Refiner’s Fire? Who among us doesn’t want the sinfulness burned off, removed, and sent to the junk heap called Gehenna? Removing all within us that is vile and ungodly seems to be something the faithful long for the way we crave a good shower or bath after a heavy day’s work. 

For those who are in Christ, there is no fear of eternal torment. For those who belong to Christ, Hell is a very small place—with not-so-hot fires—like a small sink to wash our hands. But for those who deny Christ and refuse his free gift of salvation, I think that sink can be a hot sea—a vast, inescapable ocean of flame. 

As we come to the table today, let us do so in repentance and gratitude. Let us be eager to trash our sins, wash our hands in the fires, and place our entire trust and gratitude in the Alpha and Omega—our Lord Jesus—who alone quenches the  unquenchable fire.







____________________________________________________________________


Some Questions

  1. What is the difference between Hades and Hell? 
  2. What is Sheol? Is it closer to Hades or Hell? 
  3. What is “The Pit”? 
  4. What is Gehenna—literally and figuratively?
  5. What is “infernalism”? 
  6. What is “annihilationism”? 
  7. What is “universalism”? 
  8. What is the Christian hope regarding Hell? 
  9. What is “the Harrowing of Hell”? 
                                              © Noel 2021